Publications

PAPERS

Laminar organization of pyramidal neuron cell types defines distinct CA1 hippocampal subregions.

Published December 3, 2025

Laminar Organization

Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury

Published January 9, 2025

Electric field stimulation

Further refining the boundaries of the hippocampus CA2 with gene expression and connectivity: Potential subregions and heterogeneous cell types

Published February 14, 2023

Hippocampus CA2

Integrating Data Directly into Publications with Augmented Reality and Web-Based Technologies – Schol-AR

Published June 24, 2022

Augmented Reality

The mouse cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic network

Published October 6, 2021

Mouse Cortico–Basal Ganglia–Thalamic Network

Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex

Published October 6, 2021

Mouse Primary Motor Cortex

Organization of the inputs and outputs of the mouse superior colliculus

Published June 28, 2021

Mouse Superior Colliculus

Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

Published May 17, 2021

Mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

Homologous laminar organization of the mouse and human subiculum

Published February 12, 2021

Homologous

An open access mouse brain flatmap and upgraded rat and human brain flatmaps based on current reference atlases

Published June 8, 2020

Mouse Brain

Extrastriate connectivity of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus

Published June 15, 2019

Thalamic nucleus

Precise segmentation of densely interweaving neuron clusters using G-Cut

Published April 04, 2019

Neuron clusters

Integration of gene expression and brain-wide connectivity reveals the multiscale organization of mouse hippocampal networks

Published October 08, 2018

Hippocampal networks

The mouse cortico-striatal projectome

Published August 01, 2016

Cortico-striatal projectome

Neural networks of the mouse neocortex

Published February 27, 2014

Neural networks

Laminar organization of pyramidal neuron cell types defines distinct CA1 hippocampal subregions.

Journal Cover

Abstract: Investigating the cell type organization of hippocampal CA1 is essential for understanding its role in memory and cognition and its susceptibility to neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Multiple studies have identified different organizational principles for gene expression and how it reflects cell types within the CA1 pyramidal layer including gradients or mosaic. Here, we identify sublaminar gene expression patterns within the mouse CA1 pyramidal layer that span across the entire hippocampal axis. Our findings reveal that CA1 subregions (CA1d, CA1i, CA1v, CA1vv) contain differentially distributed layers of constituent cell types and can be identified by regional gene expression signatures. This work offers a new perspective on the organization of CA1 cell types that can be used to further explore hippocampal cell types across species., DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66613-y.

Author

Created by

Mike Bienkowski

Publications

PAPERS

Laminar organization of pyramidal neuron cell types defines distinct CA1 hippocampal subregions.

Published December 3, 2025

Laminar Organization

Further refining the boundaries of the hippocampus CA2 with gene expression and connectivity: Potential subregions and heterogeneous cell types

Published February 14, 2023

Hippocampus CA2

Integrating Data Directly into Publications with Augmented Reality and Web-Based Technologies – Schol-AR

Published June 24, 2022

Augmented Reality

Homologous laminar organization of the mouse and human subiculum

Published February 12, 2021

Homologous

An open access mouse brain flatmap and upgraded rat and human brain flatmaps based on current reference atlases

Published June 8, 2020

Mouse Brain

Integration of gene expression and brain-wide connectivity reveals the multiscale organization of mouse hippocampal networks

Published October 08, 2018

Hippocampal networks

Laminar organization of pyramidal neuron cell types defines distinct CA1 hippocampal subregions.

Journal Cover

Abstract: Investigating the cell type organization of hippocampal CA1 is essential for understanding its role in memory and cognition and its susceptibility to neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Multiple studies have identified different organizational principles for gene expression and how it reflects cell types within the CA1 pyramidal layer including gradients or mosaic. Here, we identify sublaminar gene expression patterns within the mouse CA1 pyramidal layer that span across the entire hippocampal axis. Our findings reveal that CA1 subregions (CA1d, CA1i, CA1v, CA1vv) contain differentially distributed layers of constituent cell types and can be identified by regional gene expression signatures. This work offers a new perspective on the organization of CA1 cell types that can be used to further explore hippocampal cell types across species., DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66613-y.

Author

Created by

Mike Bienkowski

Alzheimer’s Diseases

Publications

PAPERS

Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury

Published January 9, 2025

Electric field stimulation

Extrastriate connectivity of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus

Published June 15, 2019

Thalamic nucleus

Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury

Journal Cover

Abstract: Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon. Stimulation was performed with asymmetric charged-balanced (ACB) waveforms that are safer than direct current and more effective than traditional, symmetric biphasic waveforms. In addition to partial anatomical restoration, ACB waveforms conferred partial restoration of visual function as measured by pattern electroretinogram recordings and local field potential recordings in the superior colliculus—and did so without the need for genetic manipulation. Our work suggests that exogenous electric field application can override cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic barriers to axon regeneration, and that electrical stimulation performed with specific ACB waveforms may be an effective strategy for directing anatomical and functional restoration after CNS injury., DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315562.

Author

Created by

Mike Bienkowski

Publications

PAPERS

The mouse cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic network

Published October 6, 2021

Mouse Cortico–Basal Ganglia–Thalamic Network

Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex

Published October 6, 2021

Mouse Primary Motor Cortex

Organization of the inputs and outputs of the mouse superior colliculus

Published June 28, 2021

Mouse Superior Colliculus

Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

Published May 17, 2021

Mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

Precise segmentation of densely interweaving neuron clusters using G-Cut

Published April 04, 2019

Neuron clusters

The mouse cortico-striatal projectome

Published August 01, 2016

Cortico-striatal projectome

Neural networks of the mouse neocortex

Published February 27, 2014

Neural networks

The mouse cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic network

Journal Cover

Abstract: The cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical loop is one of the fundamental network motifs in the brain. Revealing its structural and functional organization is critical to understanding cognition, sensorimotor behaviour, and the natural history of many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, this network is conceptualized to contain three information channels: motor, limbic and associative1,2,3,4. Yet this three-channel view cannot explain the myriad functions of the basal ganglia. We previously subdivided the dorsal striatum into 29 functional domains on the basis of the topography of inputs from the entire cortex5. Here we map the multi-synaptic output pathways of these striatal domains through the globus pallidus external part (GPe), substantia nigra reticular part (SNr), thalamic nuclei and cortex. Accordingly, we identify 14 SNr and 36 GPe domains and a direct cortico-SNr projection. The striatonigral direct pathway displays a greater convergence of striatal inputs than the more parallel striatopallidal indirect pathway, although direct and indirect pathways originating from the same striatal domain ultimately converge onto the same postsynaptic SNr neurons. Following the SNr outputs, we delineate six domains in the parafascicular and ventromedial thalamic nuclei. Subsequently, we identify six parallel cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic subnetworks that sequentially transduce specific subsets of cortical information through every elemental node of the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic loop. Thalamic domains relay this output back to the originating corticostriatal neurons of each subnetwork in a bona fide closed loop. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03993-3.

Author

Created by

Mike Bienkowski